Australia
Responses to Robodebt, administrative review, and executive accountability.
Law · Policy · Regulation · International developments
The Global Response
Around the world, governments and institutions are developing new responses to algorithmic harm—but the legal terrain is uneven and constantly changing.
A world responding
Part II of Mason and Hall's 2025 book surveys the emerging international landscape of AI and algorithm-related laws, policies, and regulatory frameworks. The authors place these efforts beside the book's central argument: the legal response matters, but care can also be designed into systems before harm occurs.
Different jurisdictions are taking different approaches, and legal instruments vary in force: enacted statutes, proposed bills, guidance, and voluntary frameworks are not interchangeable.
Countries and jurisdictions covered in the book
European Union
Digital Services Act, Digital Markets Act, EU AI Act, and GDPR.
Brazil
Developing approaches to AI governance and proposed legislation.
Canada
National policy and legislative initiatives concerning AI and automated systems.
Japan
AI strategy and governance approaches.
Netherlands
Lessons and reforms associated with the childcare benefits scandal.
United Kingdom
AI regulatory approaches and the continuing implications of Horizon IT.
United States
Privacy, guidelines, and a range of federal and state-level initiatives.
Singapore
Governance frameworks and policy development.
Beyond laws written by people
The book's appendix also explores AI being used in legal and regulatory processes, including discussions of China's smart courts and the United Arab Emirates' regulatory intelligence system. This raises another layer of the duty-of-care question: what safeguards are needed when technology helps shape or administer law itself?
A dated snapshot, not a live legal tracker
This page describes the topics surveyed in the 2025 first edition of Algorithmic Duty of Care. It is not a statement that every proposed law was enacted or that each country's legal position remains unchanged in 2026. Current compliance decisions require checking authoritative, up-to-date sources in each jurisdiction.